Most Disruptive

The 100 most-disruptive studies by the Funk & Owen-Smith CD (disruption) index, which measures how much a paper redirected the field away from prior work.

Curated by · Professor of Surgery, Department of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic · Corpus last refreshed · Publications

Ranked from the IBD-unclassified literature.

The disruption index is unreliable for papers published within the last 5 years — the forward-citation window is too short to score them — so recent papers are excluded from this ranking. A research reference for clinicians and trainees, not treatment advice.

#PaperAltmetricCD index
1ESPGHAN revised porto criteria for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents.
Levine A · 2014 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
+0.557
1,109 cites
2Faecal markers of gastrointestinal inflammation.
Sherwood RA · 2012 · J Clin Pathol
+0.127
47 cites
3Histological diagnosis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease in childhood.
Chong SK · 1985 · Gut
+0.083
100 cites
4Colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease. Diagnostic accuracy and proposal of an endoscopic score.
Pera A · 1987 · Gastroenterology
+0.065
166 cites
5Presenting symptoms and diagnostic lag in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
Heikenen JB · 1999 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.052
48 cites
6The diagnostic value of colonoscopy compared with rectosigmoidoscopy in children and adolescents with symptoms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease of the colon.
Holmquist L · 1988 · Scand J Gastroenterol
+0.039
31 cites
7Self-reported food intolerance in chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
Ballegaard · 1997 · Scand J Gastroenterol
+0.033
70 cites
8Diagnosis and treatment of indeterminate colitis.
Tremaine WJ · 2011 · Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)
+0.033
22 cites
9High incidence of upper gastrointestinal tract involvement in children with Crohn disease.
Lenaerts C · 1989 · Pediatrics
+0.029
121 cites
10Inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents: recommendations for diagnosis--the Porto criteria.
IBD Working Group of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition · 2005 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
+0.027
536 cites
11Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma production measured at the single cell level in normal and inflamed human intestine.
MacDonald TT · 1990 · Clin Exp Immunol
+0.023
441 cites
12Pediatric ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: functional outcomes and quality of life
Stavlo · 2003 · J Pediatr Surg
+0.021
38 cites
13The use of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in inflammatory bowel diseases: distinguishing ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease.
Bezabeh T · 2001 · Am J Gastroenterol
+0.015
55 cites
14Correlation of C-reactive protein with clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and radiographic activity in inflammatory bowel disease.
Solem CA · 2005 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.014
458 cites
15Epidemiology of juvenile-onset inflammatory bowel disease in central Saudi Arabia.
El Mouzan MI · 2006 · J Trop Pediatr
+0.014
42 cites
16Mesalazine in childhood inflammatory bowel disease.
Barden L · 1989 · Aliment Pharmacol Ther
+0.013
24 cites
17Clinical presentation of Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, and indeterminate colitis: Symptoms, extraintestinal manifestations, and disease phenotypes.
Yu YR · 2017 · Semin Pediatr Surg
+0.012
267 cites
18Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis without ileostomy
Galandiuk · 1991 · Dis Colon Rectum
+0.012
69 cites
19Clinical status, psychosocial impairments, medical treatment and health care costs for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Germany: an online IBD registry.
Bokemeyer B · 2013 · J Crohns Colitis
+0.011
69 cites
20Performance of blood tests in diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in a specialist clinic.
Cabrera-Abreu JC · 2004 · Arch Dis Child
+0.011
54 cites
21Open access follow up for inflammatory bowel disease: pragmatic randomised trial and cost effectiveness study.
Williams JG · 2000 · BMJ
+0.011
68 cites
22HIV associated cytomegalovirus colitis as a mimic of inflammatory bowel disease.
Roskell · 1995 · Gut
+0.010
22 cites
23Systematic evaluation of risk factors for diagnostic delay in inflammatory bowel disease.
Vavricka SR · 2012 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.009
207 cites
24Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: a useful radiological tool in diagnosing pediatric IBD.
Darbari A · 2004 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.009
70 cites
25Nutrition, oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis: Influence of diet on gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Tomasello G · 2016 · Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub
+0.009
162 cites
26Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis--how important is it to differentiate?
Geboes · 2001 · Acta Gastroenterol Belg
+0.009
29 cites
27Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology.
Silverberg MS · 2005 · Can J Gastroenterol
+0.009
2,706 cites
28Characteristics and trends in incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Taiwanese children.
Tsai CH · 2004 · J Formos Med Assoc
+0.008
30 cites
29Risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease in the general population.
García Rodríguez LA · 2005 · Aliment Pharmacol Ther
+0.008
121 cites
30Accuracy of diagnostic codes for identifying patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System.
Hou JK · 2014 · Dig Dis Sci
+0.008
89 cites
31Development of extraintestinal manifestations in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Jose FA · 2009 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.007
167 cites
32Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in southeastern Norway: evaluation of methods after 1 year of registration. Southeastern Norway IBD Study Group of Gastroenterologists.
Moum B · 1995 · Digestion
+0.007
80 cites
33Disease outcome of inflammatory bowel disease patients: general outline of a Europe-wide population-based 10-year clinical follow-up study.
Wolters · 2006 · Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl
+0.006
60 cites
34Classification of Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease using Machine Learning.
Mossotto E · 2017 · Sci Rep
+0.006
105 cites
35Indeterminate colitis.
Guindi · 2004 · J Clin Pathol
+0.006
121 cites
36Inflammatory bowel disease in Saudi Arabia: presentation and initial management.
Isbister WH · 1998 · J Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.006
29 cites
37Histological evaluation in ulcerative colitis
DeRoche · 2014 · Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)
+0.006
155 cites
38Market share and costs of biologic therapies for inflammatory bowel disease in the USA.
Yu H · 2018 · Aliment Pharmacol Ther
+0.005
149 cites
39[Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region and the Somme area of France in 1988].
Colombel JF · 1990 · Gastroenterol Clin Biol
+0.005
22 cites
40Clinical features and pattern of indeterminate colitis: Crohn's disease with ulcerative colitis-like clinical presentation.
Matsui T · 2003 · J Gastroenterol
+0.005
40 cites
41Current diagnosis, management and morbidity in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
Spray C · 2001 · Acta Paediatr
+0.004
49 cites
42Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies as serological markers are not specific in the identification of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Anand V · 2008 · Can J Gastroenterol
+0.004
24 cites
43Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Pediatric and Adult Populations: Recent Estimates From Large National Databases in the United States, 2007-2016.
Ye Y · 2020 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.003
213 cites
44Invasive potential of gut mucosa-derived Fusobacterium nucleatum positively correlates with IBD status of the host.
Strauss J · 2011 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.003
468 cites
45High incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Australia: a prospective population-based Australian incidence study.
Wilson J · 2010 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.003
146 cites
46Differentiating ulcerative colitis from Crohn disease in children and young adults: report of a working group of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America.
Bousvaros · 2007 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
+0.003
351 cites
47A United Kingdom inflammatory bowel disease database: making the effort worthwhile.
Bardhan · 2010 · J Crohns Colitis
+0.002
31 cites
48Probiotics for inflammatory bowel diseases: a promising adjuvant treatment.
Coqueiro AY · 2019 · Int J Food Sci Nutr
+0.002
68 cites
49Safety and efficacy of intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide in acute steroid refractory inflammatory bowel disease.
Stallmach A · 2003 · Gut
+0.002
38 cites
50Primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome associated with inflammatory bowel disease: A case report and systematic review.
Ballotin VR · 2020 · World J Clin Cases
+0.002
21 cites
51Patient awareness of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.
Huang V · 2013 · J Crohns Colitis
+0.001
24 cites
52Inflammatory bowel disease unclassified.
Zhou N · 2011 · J Zhejiang Univ Sci B
+0.001
27 cites
53Magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish the type and severity of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases.
Durno CA · 2000 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
+0.001
47 cites
54Azathioprine and mesalazine-induced effects on the mucosal flora in patients with IBD colitis.
Swidsinski A · 2007 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.001
43 cites
55Bacterial biofilm suppression with antibiotics for ulcerative and indeterminate colitis: consequences of aggressive treatment.
Swidsinski A · 2008 · Arch Med Res
+0.001
31 cites
56Decreased mucosal interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in gut inflammation.
Karttunnen R · 1994 · J Clin Pathol
+0.001
66 cites
57Frequency and risk factors of low immunoglobulin levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Rai · 2015 · Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)
+0.001
36 cites
58Biological therapy of inflammatory bowel disease.
Owczarek D · 2009 · Pol Arch Med Wewn
+0.001
37 cites
59Multigene analysis can discriminate between ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.
von Stein P · 2008 · Gastroenterology
+0.001
59 cites
60Sex-dimorphic adverse drug reactions to immune suppressive agents in inflammatory bowel disease.
Zelinkova Z · 2012 · World J Gastroenterol
+0.001
30 cites
61Increased expression of laminin/collagen receptor (VLA-1) on epithelium of inflamed human intestine.
MacDonald TT · 1990 · J Clin Pathol
+0.001
31 cites
62A national survey on the patterns of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in Canada.
Hilsden RJ · 2003 · BMC Gastroenterol
+0.001
31 cites
63Inflammatory bowel diseases: controversies in the use of diagnostic procedures.
Vucelic · 2009 · Dig Dis
+0.001
47 cites
64Allergic and Immunologic Perspectives of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Clarke K · 2019 · Clin Rev Allergy Immunol
+0.000
34 cites
65Fecal bacteriotherapy for ulcerative colitis: patients are ready, are we?
Kahn SA · 2012 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.000
67 cites
66Highlights in IBD Epidemiology and Its Natural History in the Paediatric Age.
Gasparetto M · 2013 · Gastroenterol Res Pract
+0.000
81 cites
67Analysis of the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) delta-32 polymorphism in inflammatory bowel disease.
Rector A · 2001 · Hum Genet
+0.000
30 cites
68Role of endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Bharadwaj S · 2018 · Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf)
+0.000
31 cites
69Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease.
Kvasnovsky CL · 2015 · Scand J Gastroenterol
+0.000
60 cites
70Clinicians' adherence to international guidelines in the clinical care of adults with inflammatory bowel disease.
Jackson BD · 2017 · Scand J Gastroenterol
+0.000
23 cites
71Cohort profile: design and first results of the Dutch IBD Biobank: a prospective, nationwide biobank of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Spekhorst LM · 2017 · BMJ Open
+0.000
41 cites
72Disease outcome in inflammatory bowel disease: mortality, morbidity and therapeutic management of a 796-person inception cohort in the European Collaborative Study on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (EC-IBD).
Witte J · 2000 · Scand J Gastroenterol
+0.000
53 cites
73Low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Sonnenberg A · 2012 · Aliment Pharmacol Ther
+0.000
91 cites
74A cross-sectional survey on the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on inflammatory bowel disease patients in Saudi Arabia.
Mosli M · 2020 · Saudi J Gastroenterol
+0.000
28 cites
75Patient subjective assessment of drug side effects in inflammatory bowel disease.
Cross RK · 2008 · J Clin Gastroenterol
+0.000
37 cites
76Case-control study of factors that trigger inflammatory bowel disease flares.
Feagins LA · 2014 · World J Gastroenterol
+0.000
30 cites
77Radiation exposure from diagnostic imaging among patients with gastrointestinal disorders.
Desmond AN · 2012 · Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.000
38 cites
78Concordance between gene expression in peripheral whole blood and colonic tissue in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
Palmer NP · 2019 · PLoS One
+0.000
43 cites
79Isoflavones and inflammatory bowel disease.
Wu ZY · 2020 · World J Clin Cases
+0.000
24 cites
80Inflammatory bowel disease in African American children compared with other racial/ethnic groups in a multicenter registry.
White JM · 2008 · Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.000
46 cites
81Fulminant colitis in inflammatory bowel disease: detailed pathologic and clinical analysis.
Swan · 1998 · Dis Colon Rectum
+0.000
46 cites
82Emerging Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Soubières AA · 2016 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.000
37 cites
83An Overview of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unclassified in Children.
Thurgate LE · 2019 · Inflamm Intest Dis
+0.000
36 cites
84CD4 count remission hypothesis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection: a systematic review of the literature.
Skamnelos A · 2015 · Ann Gastroenterol
+0.000
24 cites
85Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases in gastroenterology primary care setting.
Tursi A · 2013 · Eur J Intern Med
+0.000
22 cites
86Frequency and type of drug-related side effects necessitating treatment discontinuation in the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort.
Godat S · 2018 · Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
+0.000
22 cites
87Mycophenolate mofetil therapy in the management of inflammatory bowel disease--a retrospective case series and review.
Smith MR · 2014 · J Crohns Colitis
+0.000
21 cites
88Enteric viral pathogens in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
Kolho KL · 2012 · J Med Virol
+0.000
20 cites
89Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering of Blood Results Before Diagnosis in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Ashton JJ · 2020 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
+0.000
20 cites
90Diverting Ileostomy for the Treatment of Severe, Refractory, Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Maxwell EC · 2017 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
-0.000
21 cites
91Exome analysis of patients with concurrent pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmune disease.
Andreoletti G · 2015 · Inflamm Bowel Dis
-0.000
21 cites
92Age, Disease Symptoms, and Depression are Associated With Body Image Dissatisfaction in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Cushman G · 2021 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
-0.000
20 cites
93Persistent Diarrhea in Patients With Crohn's Disease After Mucosal Healing Is Associated With Lower Diversity of the Intestinal Microbiome and Increased Dysbiosis.
Boland K · 2021 · Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
-0.000
27 cites
94MicroRNA expression patterns in indeterminate inflammatory bowel disease.
Lin · 2013 · Mod Pathol
-0.000
27 cites
95The Multifactorial Etiopathogeneses Interplay of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview.
M'Koma AE · 2019 · Gastrointest Disord (Basel)
-0.000
31 cites
96The Human Mesenteric Lymph Node Microbiome Differentiates Between Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.
Kiernan · 2019 · J Crohns Colitis
-0.000
50 cites
97Whole Blood Profiling of T-cell-Derived microRNA Allows the Development of Prognostic models in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Kalla R · 2020 · J Crohns Colitis
-0.000
30 cites
98Analysis of DNA Methylation at Specific Loci in Stool Samples Detects Colorectal Cancer and High-Grade Dysplasia in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Kisiel JB · 2019 · Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
-0.000
41 cites
99What concerns subjects with inflammatory bowel disease and an ileostomy?
Carlsson · 2003 · Scand J Gastroenterol
-0.000
47 cites
100Clinical utility of serological markers in inflammatory bowel disease.
Mokrowiecka A · 2009 · Hepatogastroenterology
-0.000
21 cites